House Appropriations Subcommittee marks up FY23 bill
On Tuesday, the House Appropriations released text for the FY 2023 Agriculture-Rural Development. The bill included $27.2 billion in total spending, an 8% increase from FY 2022. On Wednesday, the bill went before the Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee for markup where the bill was approved on a voice vote. Full committee markup is scheduled for June 23. The text of the House agriculture appropriations bill can be found here.
House Agriculture Committee adds new member
This week, House Agriculture Committee Chairman David Scott announced Rep. Sharice Davids would be joining the Committee. Rep. Davids is a Democrat representing Kansas City and northeastern Kansas who also serves on the House Committees on Small Business and Transportation and Infrastructure.
Agriculture Committees prepare for 2023 Farm Bill
Last week, the House Agriculture Committee held a hearing to discuss Title I commodity and Title XI crop insurance programs within the Farm Bill. During the hearing, Rep. Crawford (R-AR) voiced his concerns about how the farm safety net, particularly Price Loss Coverage (PLC), is not adequately working for rice producers. He noted that rice farmers are not seeing the increases in market prices as other commodities while still experiencing increased input costs. Rep. Crawford asked Dr. Joe Outlaw from Texas A&M University for an update on the study requested by Sen. John Boozman (R-AR) and Rep. Julia Letlow (R-LA). Dr. Outlaw responded that an analysis of the requested study showed that the only farms that will not see cash flow this year are rice farms. Dr. Outlaw stated that he expects two-thirds of rice farms to not see cash flow. He equated the problem to distortions from other countries and strongly advised Congress to specifically help rice farmers starting this year. Rep. Crawford noted that the U.S. rice industry relies heavily on foreign markets to move U.S. rice and asked what can be done to enhance exports. Dr. Outlaw stated the most critical action needed to be taken is to hold other countries accountable for what they have agreed to in trade negotiations. Additionally, Dr. Outlaw advocated for more Congressional assistance targeted towards rice producers. When asked what form that assistance would take, Dr. Outlaw suggested indexing production costs. He stated that the government has spent large amounts of money on the Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP) and the Market Facilitation Program (MFP) for losses that were likely to occur but didn’t materialize. Conversely in this situation, Dr. Outlaw stated the rice losses are certain to occur. He suggested the government use CFAP formulas and adjust them to deliver funds to rice producers.
The House Agriculture Committee announced it would hold a listening session at Central Arizona College on June 25 to discuss the 2023 Farm Bill. In the Senate, the Agriculture Committee held a field hearing on Friday in Jonesboro, Arkansas, to receive stakeholder input as it prepares for the upcoming Farm Bill.
Reps. McCarthy and Thompson send President Biden letter on agricultural production barriers
House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-CA) and House Agriculture Committee Ranking Member GT Thompson (R-PA) sent a letter to President Biden calling for an end to regulations and policies harming agricultural producers. The letter recommended addressing input costs, halting changes to WOTUS, ensuring the EPA focuses on sound science, and terminating climate rules. The letter can be found here.
House advances agriculture bill
This afternoon the full House of Representatives passed the H.R. 7606, the Lower Food and Fuel Cost Act. The legislative package is the Meat and Poultry Special Investigator Act, which would establish an “Office of the Special Investigator for Competition Matters” at USDA. The vote was largely on party lines, 221-204, with a few crossover votes on both sides of the aisle.
The legislative package includes the Meat and Poultry Special Investigator Act, which would establish an “Office of the Special Investigator for Competition Matters” at USDA. In addition to the Special Investigator, the bill includes additional nutrient management assistance, permanent waver for the sale of E15 fuels, and significant investments into biofuels infrastructure.
Additionally, the Senate Agriculture Committee has noticed a markup for both the Senate companion to the Special Investigator and the Fischer-Grassley bill next Wednesday.
June 10, 2022
Last week, representatives of some 185 rice businesses from 35 countries gathered at the Rice Market & Technology Convention in Cancun, Mexico to discuss a rice market unseen by anyone in attendance. The large participation was thanks in part to the conditions of the world market situation over the past two years, which continues to be complicated due to a number of factors such as weather, war, oil prices, COVID-19, soaring production costs, labor, logistics, and related issues.
USRPA President and CEO Marcela Garcia, who has directed the conference for the past 11 years, was pleased but unsurprised by the increased attendance, pointing out, “This is a direct result of the market itself and the industry’s need to interact and conduct business while trying to get a feel for what lies ahead both short term and long term.”
Popular economist Dennis DeLaughter set the tone for the conference with his opening presentation titled “The Law of Unintended Consequences: Embracing Change,” highlighting the impacts on the economy and agriculture caused by world events. The conference consisted of two full days of presentations that ended with “Impacts of Higher Agricultural Input Values and Competitive Crop Pricing on the Rice Sector” by Dr. Thomas Wynn and Jay Davis of Coastal Rice and Futures Inc, giving participants something to talk and think about no matter their country of origin.
Prior to the conference itself, the Central American Rice Federation (FECARROZ) held its regular board meeting while SuperBrix and Applied Milling Systems conducted a well-attended, one-day seminar for rice milling managers titled “Follow the Money: Closing the Rice Profitability Circle.” The class involved milling engineer Norris Bond, well known worldwide in rice milling design and management.
“This year’s conference was a unique one and the RMTC has become exactly what we envisioned many years ago,” according to USRPA market advisor Dwight Roberts, adding that plans to make the 2023 conference even better are underway.
This week, President Biden announced his intent to nominate Doug McKalip as the Chief Agricultural Negotiator for the US Trade Representative. He currently serves as Senior Advisor to US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Secretary Tom Vilsack on issues related to trade, national security, and animal and plant health regulations. In March, the previous nominee, Elaine Trevino, withdrew her name from consideration for the role.
Last week, USDA released the Drought Resilience Interagency Working Group’s summary report. The report highlights accomplishments, including the formalization of new drought-related interagency Memorandums of Agreement (MOAs), coordinated water supply operations, financial assistance, drought roundtables, listening sessions, and webinars. The report also highlights the investments, through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, being made for drought-related projects. The full report can be read here.
Congress is still slowly working through the appropriations process for FY 2023. The House and Senate Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittees held their hearings to discuss USDA’s budget request. Throughout both hearings, Members highlighted the need for increased investment in climate resilience, support for rural economies, aid to disadvantaged farmers, funding to address food insecurity, inflation, and global food chain concerns.
Throughout the month of April, the House Appropriations Committee collected requests from members for the 2023 fiscal year. The Senate Appropriations Committee, which is typically slightly behind the House, wrapped up its member request submission process last month, officially closing out the submission process in both chambers.
The House Appropriations Committee will begin the committee markup process this month. Subcommittees will plan to markup their bills June 13 – June 22, with full committee markups scheduled for June 22 – June 30.
Additionally, the Senate Agriculture Committee announced its next field hearing to discuss the upcoming farm bill. The hearing will be on June 17th in Jonesboro, Arkansas. The House Agriculture Committee held an additional hearing on Title I Commodities and Title XI Crop Insurance. While the committees are gathering information for the 2023 Farm Bill, the 2022 elections will shape party priorities and, ultimately, the final bill.
With several state’s primary elections complete, Blue Dog losses are raising concerns about the Democratic party’s ability to compete politically if it continues to move left. Both Rep. Kurt Schrader (OR) and Rep. Carolyn Bourdeaux (GA) lost their primaries to more progressive challengers, and several others face competitive races in November. The Blue Dog Coalition, comprised of centrist Democrats in support of bipartisanship and fiscal constraint, is considered crucial to holding the House majority.
Finally, Secretary Vilsack announced the USDA’s plan to transform food systems in the United States by targeting four basic elements: production, processing, distribution/aggregation, and market development. The main goals of the transformation are to sustainably grow food with a net zero carbon emission, raise rural incomes, create resilience across supply chains, and ensure food and equity for all. This transformation effort will be funded through the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), the USDA Budget, and the Commodity Credit Corporation. The webcast may be seen here. Senate Agriculture Committee Chairwoman Stabenow (D-MI) issued a statement in support of the initiative here, while House Agriculture Committee Ranking Member Thompson expressed much concern about the initiative in his statement here.
| On the ground, all seems to be going as planned now that planting has wrapped up in each state. Sure, there is plenty of consternation about inflamed input costs and where the rice will be marketed once it’s put in the barn, but for now rice is emerging on schedule. The biggest concern is the price of diesel, and possibility for another shortage based on a forecasted heavy hurricane season. Refineries are already dealing with chokepoints from previous shutdowns from hurricanes, and further weather-driven phenomena will only exacerbate the problem of fuel price volatility. The summer milling schedules have set in, which means fewer hours and servicing primarily core domestic customers. This week did notch the marketing-year low for export sales; this is a result of pricing as high as $500 pmt for U.S. LG 5%, which is 22% higher than Uruguay, 27% above Argentina, and 16% premium to Brazil. It’s no wonder our exports are dwindling. Prices in Texas continue to lead the pack at $17/cwt. This has been relatively unchanged for weeks now. Louisiana is quoted at $16.67/cwt, while Mississippi, Arkansas, and Missouri are each quoted at $16.75/$17.50. The RMTC sponsored by the USRPA held in Cancun last week revealed several key factors looking at trade in the Western Hemisphere. One of the most significant is the high price of U.S. rice when compared to other origins, and Mexico’s emergency order to cancel tariffs on many products—including rough rice—to battle inflation-driven food cost increases. Quality troubles from U.S. rice among other concerns have resulted in a slow but steady erosion in the Central American markets. While the U.S. used to enjoy nearly 100% market share in Central America, we now struggle to retain over 65% given current market constraints and dynamics. This is why the RMTC is such an excellent platform to openly discuss solutions and new opportunities in the Western Hemisphere. In Asia, Thai prices are at $459 pmt, still well above Viet prices at $425. Only three weeks ago, these two origins were almost equal in pricing, but with Iraq coming in and building a strategic partnership with Thailand, that has put upward pressure on the price. Demand is steady in the Asian region, which would indicate pricing is firm to up. Reports of India possibly tapering, or even banning their rice exports, are unfounded and pure speculation based on their announcement of a wheat export ban. Prices in India are actually dropping amidst all of the other global food inflation. Only ten weeks ago, Indian rice was trading at $365 pmt, but current reports peg the price down to $350 pmt. As discussed above, the weekly USDA Export Sales report is dismal this week. Net sales of 7,600 MT for 2021/2022 notch a marketing-year low, down 63% from the previous week and 67% from the prior 4-week average. Exports of 24,600 MT were down 61% from the previous week and 38% from the prior 4-week average. The destinations were primarily to Colombia (14,300 MT), Jordan (4,300 MT), Canada (1,800 MT), Saudi Arabia (1,700 MT), and Mexico (1,200 MT). |
House Passes Ukraine Supplemental Assistance
On Tuesday, the House introduced and passed a bill for supplemental assistance for the Ukraine conflict. While the House’s version included $7 billion more in total spending than the President’s plan, it drastically reduced the agricultural provisions to only include $100 million for in-kind food aid. The House version did not include crop insurance and loan marketing assistance. The bill passed on a bipartisan 358-57 vote.
White House Introduces Plan to Support Domestic Agriculture
Responding to supply chain disruptions and price increases, on Wednesday the White House introduced a plan to lower costs for farmers. Most notably, the plan includes increasing the investment in domestic fertilizer production to $500 million.
House Agriculture Committee Welcomes New Member
The House Agriculture Committee announced Rep. Marcy Kaptur would be joining the House Agriculture Committee. Rep. Kaptur is a Democrat representing northern Ohio who also serves on the Appropriations Committee.
House Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee Holds a Hearing on the USDA Budget Request
This week the House Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee held a hearing on the President’s FY23 budget request for USDA. During the hearing, members and Secretary Vilsack emphasized investments in rural America, supply chain and cost concerns, and climate and conservation.
USTR Announces New Chief of Staff
On Monday, the U.S. Trade Representative’s office announced Heather Hurlburt as the agency’s new chief of staff. Hurlburt replaces Ginna Lance, who has held the role since February 2021.
We are finally caught up with planting in Arkansas—a welcome sign to all farmers, processors, and industry members. Despite the return to normal after poor weather that severely delayed planting, it will still be a victory to exceed 1 million acres of long and medium grain combined in the state. There is concern that the later planted rice will follow historical trends and yield slightly less than normal, but this is a tradeoff all are willing to accept given the other option of no rice at all. The core domestic business continues to be the primary driver looking forward for milled rice, as Iraq has found ample supplies in Asia and Haiti’s political disruptions prevent bookings and subsequent distribution to the Haitian people.
Although export demand for U.S. long grain rice is down only 2.6% year to date, it would be down roughly 10% if the Iraqi business didn’t materialize. In other words, exports to most other origins are off this year. As Brazil concludes harvest and looks to merchandise its rice, the U.S. can expect ongoing stiff competition in Mexico and Central America. Just this month, Mexico has declared an emergency because of the increasing food costs. As a result, the Mexican government announced the removal of most import duties on food supplies. This includes paddy rice of any origin for several CAFTA countries where tariffs are going to zero in order to suppress food inflation. This will further erode the U.S. market share because of our higher prices. In the case of Mexico, the duty free import measure for rice is only on rough rice and milled rice was not included in the new policy. These set of conditions will make for interesting discussions at the Rice Market & Technology Convention scheduled for May 31 - June 2 in Cancun, Mexico where more than 175 rice businesses have registered to attend.
The rice world is wrought with complications. Front and center are the disproportionate impacts of the fuel and fertilizer costs to rice vs. other crops like corn and beans. This problem is only exacerbated by the hamstrung wheat trade, courtesy of the Russia invasion. Most analysts expect the volatility to worsen as we move into the Fall. Water shortages in Pakistan are having a large impact on rice growing provinces, such as Punjab and Sindh, which will likely hinder output from this region. However, there is no sign that India will reduce their production or exports, further depressing export prices for rice worldwide.
In Myanmar, the government surprisingly decided to modify the rate of the kyat to the detriment of exporters. This forex restriction has ultimately made the country less competitive in the global market restricting them to border trade only. To make matters worse, Myanmar farmers cultivated fewer acres due to poorer economics; higher fuel costs, fertilizer, and chemical costs, not to mention credit issues, are all factors that have driven rice prices higher.
In Thailand, prices have remained similar to last week around $445pmt, and they are home to Iraq’s purchases for the time being. Vietnam is cheaper, in the $415-$420pmt range, keeping busy fulfilling Filipino demand. With these prices from Thailand and Vietnam, one would think that India would be interested in raising prices; however, they remain at a discount of at least $65pmt in comparison. The subsidies given to farmers to produce the record quantities and the subsequent exports make it extremely difficult for other origins to be competitive.
The weekly USDA Export Sales report shows net sales of 13,100 MT this week, down 55% from the previous week and 57% from the prior 4-week average. Increases primarily for Canada (4,000 MT), Honduras (3,700 MT), Guatemala (3,000 MT), and Mexico (2,000 MT), were offset by reductions for Haiti (300 MT). Exports of 24,200 MT were down 47% from the previous week and 53% from the prior 4-week average. The destinations were primarily to Haiti (13,200 MT), Mexico (3,300 MT), Canada (3,300 MT), South Korea (2,200 MT), and Honduras (1,000 MT).
On May 13, the new Directors of Texas A&M AgriLife, Cliff Lamb, Director of Research and Rick Avery, Director of Extension, along with Dan Hale, Assistant Director of Ag and Natural Resources, spent the day with the Texas rice industry.
Stops included The Wintermann Rice Research Station in Eagle Lake, the LG Raun Farm near Round Mott, lunch with the Western Rice Belt Conference Planning Committee at Rice Belt Warehouse in El Campo, tour of the Rice Belt Facilities and ANF Air Service near Garwood to visit with crop consultants, Raymond Rabius Farm and drying and storage facility, near East Bernard, and supper with the Texas Rice Research Foundation and Texas Rice Council at Hlavinka's Equipment in East Bernard.
The directors learned about the Texas rice industry. At supper they gave a summary of what they had seen and heard throughout the day and discussed next steps moving forward for the Texas rice industry to be better served by AgriLife Research and Extension.
The Texas rice industry would like to express its appreciation to the directors spending the day in rice country, and look forward to an effective partnership to better the Texas rice industry.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) today announced that commodity and specialty crop producers impacted by natural disaster events in 2020 and 2021 will soon begin receiving emergency relief payments totaling approximately $6 billion through the Farm Service Agency’s (FSA) new Emergency Relief Program (ERP) to offset crop yield and value losses.
“For over two years, farmers and ranchers across the country have been hard hit by an ongoing pandemic coupled with more frequent and catastrophic natural disasters,” U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack said. “As the agriculture industry deals with new challenges and stressors, we at USDA look for opportunities to inject financial support back into the rural economy through direct payments to producers who bear the brunt of circumstances beyond their control. These emergency relief payments will help offset the significant crop losses due to major weather events in 2020 and 2021 and help ensure farming operations are viable this crop year, into the next growing season and beyond.”
Background
On Sept. 30, 2021, President Biden signed into law the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), which includes $10 billion in assistance to farmers and ranchers impacted by wildfires, droughts, hurricanes, winter storms, and other eligible disasters experienced during calendar years 2020 and 2021. FSA recently made payments to ranchers impacted by drought and wildfire through the first phase of the Emergency Livestock Relief Program (ELRP). ERP is another relief component of the Act.
For impacted farmers, existing Federal Crop Insurance or Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP) data is the basis for calculating initial payments. USDA estimates that phase one ERP benefits will reach more than 220,000 farmers who received indemnities for losses covered by federal crop insurance and more than 4,000 farmers who obtained NAP coverage for 2020 and 2021 crop losses.
ERP Eligibility – Phase One
ERP covers losses to crops, trees, bushes and vines due to a qualifying natural disaster event in calendar years 2020 and 2021. Eligible crops include all crops for which crop insurance or NAP coverage was available, except for crops intended for grazing. Qualifying natural disaster events include wildfires, hurricanes, floods, derechos, excessive heat, winter storms, freeze (including a polar vortex), smoke exposure, excessive moisture, qualifying drought and related conditions.
For drought, ERP assistance is available if any area within the county in which the loss occurred was rated by the U.S. Drought Monitor as having a:
Lists of 2020 and 2021 drought counties eligible for ERP is available on the emergency relief website.
To streamline and simplify the delivery of ERP phase one benefits, FSA will send pre-filled application forms to producers where crop insurance and NAP data are already on file. This form includes eligibility requirements, outlines the application process and provides ERP payment calculations. Producers will receive a separate application form for each program year in which an eligible loss occurred. Receipt of a pre-filled application is not confirmation that a producer is eligible to receive an ERP phase one payment.
Farmers must have the following forms on file with FSA within 60 days of the ERP phase one deadline, which will later be announced by FSA’s Deputy Administrator for Farm Programs:
Most producers, especially those who have previously participated in FSA programs, will likely have these required forms on file. However, those who are uncertain or want to confirm the status of their forms can contact their local FSA county office.
ERP payment calculations – phase one
For crops covered by crop insurance, the ERP phase one payment calculation for a crop and unit will depend on the type and level of coverage obtained by the producer. Each calculation will use an ERP factor based on the producer’s level of crop insurance or NAP coverage.
Full ERP payment calculation factor tables are available on the emergency relief website and in the program fact sheet.
Applying ERP factors ensures that payments to producers do not exceed available funding and that cumulative payments do not exceed 90% of losses for all producers as required by the Act.
Also, there will be certain payment calculation considerations for area plans under crop insurance policies.
The ERP payment percentage for historically underserved producers, including beginning, limited resource, socially disadvantaged, and veteran farmers and ranchers will be increased by 15% of the calculated payment for crops having insurance coverage or NAP.
To qualify for the higher payment percentage, eligible producers must have a CCC-860, Socially Disadvantaged, Limited Resource, Beginning and Veteran Farmer or Rancher Certification, form on file with FSA for the 2021 program year.
Because the amount of loss due to a qualifying disaster event in calendar years 202 and 2021 cannot be separated from the amount of loss caused by other eligible causes of loss as defined by the applicable crop insurance or NAP policy, the ERP phase one payment will be calculated based on the producer’s loss due to all eligible causes of loss.
Future Insurance Coverage Requirements
All producers who receive ERP phase one payments, including those receiving a payment based on crop, tree, bush, or vine insurance policies, are statutorily required to purchase crop insurance, or NAP coverage where crop insurance is not available, for the next two available crop years, as determined by the Secretary. Participants must obtain crop insurance or NAP, as may be applicable:
Coverage requirements will be determined from the date a producer receives an ERP payment and may vary depending on the timing and availability of crop insurance or NAP for a producer’s particular crops. The final crop year to purchase crop insurance or NAP coverage to meet the second year of coverage for this requirement is the 2026 crop year.
Emergency relief – phase two (crop and livestock producers)
Today’s announcement is only phase one of relief for commodity and specialty crop producers. Making the initial payments using existing safety net and risk management data will both speed implementation and further encourage participation in these permanent programs, such as Federal crop insurance, as Congress intended.
The second phase of both ERP and ELRP programs will fill gaps and cover producers who did not participate in or receive payments through the existing programs that are being leveraged for phase one implementation. When phase one payment processing is complete, the remaining funds will be used to cover gaps identified under phase two.
Through proactive communication and outreach, USDA will keep producers and stakeholders informed as program details are made available. More information on ERP can be found in the Notice of Funding Availability.
Additional Commodity Loss Assistance
The Milk Loss Program and On-Farm Stored Commodity Loss Program are also funded through the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act and will be announced in a future rule in the Federal Register.
More information
Additional USDA disaster assistance information can be found on farmers.gov, including the Disaster Assistance Discovery Tool, Disaster-at-a-Glance fact sheet and Farm Loan Discovery Tool. For FSA and Natural Resources Conservation Service programs, producers should contact their local USDA Service Center. For assistance with a crop insurance claim, producers and landowners should contact their crop insurance agent.
The Biden Administration recently appointed Kelly Adkins as the new State Executive Director (SED) for the USDA Texas Farm Service Agency (FSA). Adkins joined the Texas FSA team on May 9, 2022.
“Individuals selected to serve as FSA State Executive Directors are incredible public servants who have a proven track record when it comes to their commitment to advance their states and communities,” said Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack. “Each will serve on the frontlines, carrying out USDA’s mission at the state level and ensuring the voice of each and every USDA customer is heard. We are fortunate to have each of these talented individuals at this critical time for farmers and producers and rural communities across America.”
A native of Haskell, Texas, Adkins was raised on small family farm in Haskell County where he attended Haskell High School and later Texas Tech University where he earned his Bachelor of Business Degree with a minor in Agriculture.
Adkins enjoyed a career serving the farmers and ranchers of Texas and the FSA in many capacities. including County Executive Director in Grimes and Randall counties, and District Director for the agency overseeing FSA county offices and program delivery for a multi county area of the Panhandle. He is currently a resident of Canyon where he is involved in a small farming/cattle operation. Adkins has been involved in community activities and several state agricultural commodity associations.
As SED, Adkins will be responsible for overseeing the delivery of FSA programs to agricultural producers in Texas. These commodity, conservation, credit, and disaster assistance programs ensure a safe, affordable, abundant, and nutritious food, fiber, and fuel supply for consumers.
“The State Executive Director is a pivotal leadership position for the Agency and for the agricultural producers we serve,” said Marcus Graham, FSA Deputy Administrator for Field Operations. “These leaders, appointed by the Biden-Harris Administration, bring a wealth of knowledge and expertise to their respective states. We are happy to have them on board and wish them much success.”
Farm Service Agency serves farmers, ranchers, foresters, and agricultural partners through the effective, efficient, and equitable delivery of federal agricultural programs. The Agency offers producers a strong safety net through the administration of farm commodity and disaster programs. Additionally, through conservation programs, FSA continues to preserve and protect natural resources and provides credit to agricultural producers who are unable to receive private, commercial credit, including targeted loan funds for beginning, underserved, women and military veterans involved in production agriculture.
USDA touches the lives of all Americans each day in so many positive ways. In the Biden-Harris Administration, USDA is transforming America’s food system with a greater focus on more resilient local and regional food production, fairer markets for all producers, ensuring access to safe, healthy and nutritious food in all communities, building new markets and streams of income for farmers and producers using climate smart food and forestry practices, making historic investments in infrastructure and clean energy capabilities in rural America, and committing to equity across the Department by removing systemic barriers and building a workforce more representative of America. To learn more, visit usda.gov.
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